Moving to Spain as an expat is a thrilling adventure that would make embrace a vibrant culture and a Mediterranean lifestyle. However, before you can start your Spanish journey, the first step is securing the right visa.
Having lived in Spain twice—first in Madrid for my studies in 2016 and later in Barcelona for work in 2019—I understand the excitement and challenges that come with relocating. In this guide, I’ll share practical insights to help you navigate the visa options available, key factors to consider, the application process, timelines, and a brief overview of tax implications.
1. Popular Visa Options for Expats Moving to Spain
There are several visa options based on your situation, each with unique requirements and benefits. Choosing the right one is crucial for a smooth transition.
1.1 Work Visa (Highly Recommended for Employment in Spain)
If you’ve secured a job offer from a Spanish company, the work visa is your go-to option.
- Who’s Eligible: Expats with a valid employment contract in Spain.
- Requirements: Job offer, proof of qualifications, and a valid passport.
- How to Apply: Your employer must first file for work authorization in Spain before you apply for the visa at the Spanish consulate in your home country.
- Timeline: Typically 1-3 months to process.
1.2 Digital Nomad Visa (Best for Remote Workers)
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa allows non-EU nationals to live in Spain while working remotely for foreign companies.
- Who’s Eligible: Remote workers for a company outside the EU, or freelancers with clients outside of Spain (a maximum of 20% of your professional activity can be for a Spanish based company).
- Requirements: Proof of remote work, proof of income (minimum €2,160/month), proof of residence in the consular district and health insurance.
- How to Apply: Submit your application to the Spanish consulate in your country or within Spain.
- Timeline: Typically 1-2 months.
This visa is perfect for those looking to explore Spain while maintaining their remote careers, just as I did during my time in Barcelona!
1.3 Non-Lucrative Visa (Ideal for Retirees and Expats with Passive Income)
The Non-Lucrative Visa is designed for those who have sufficient financial means to support themselves without working in Spain.
- Who’s Eligible: Expats with passive income or substantial savings.
- Requirements: Proof of financial resources (minimum of €27,792.96 in your bank account and a monthly income of at least €6,948.24), private health insurance, and a clean criminal record.
- How to Apply: Submit your application at the Spanish consulate in your home country.
- Timeline: Expect 2-3 months for processing.
This option is popular among retirees who want to enjoy Spain’s warm climate without the stress of local employment.
1.4 Investor Visa
The Golden Visa is an attractive option for expats planning to make significant investments in Spain. However, the Spanish government is currently debating the suppression of this type of Visa.
- Who’s Eligible: Individuals investing €500,000 or more in Spanish real estate or other investments.
- Requirements: Proof of investment, clean criminal record, and health insurance.
- How to Apply: After making the investment, you can apply directly in Spain or at the Spanish consulate.
- Timeline: This visa is not processed quickly due to the multiple background checks—often takes up to 10 months.
The Golden Visa not only provides residency but can also open doors to long-term opportunities in Spain.
2. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Visa
Choosing the right visa requires careful consideration of various factors:
2.1 Purpose of Your Move
Are you moving for work, retirement, or as a digital nomad? Your intentions will dictate the best visa choice.
2.2 Financial Requirements
Most visas come with financial obligations, whether it’s proof of income for remote workers or investments for the Golden Visa. Ensure you can meet these before applying.
2.3 Work Restrictions
Certain visas, like the Non-Lucrative Visa, prevent local employment. If working in Spain is a priority, select a visa that permits it, such as the Work Visa or Digital Nomad Visa.
2.4 Family Considerations
All visas allow you to bring family members along. If you're relocating with loved ones, this shouldn’t be an issue.
2.5 Tax Implications
Understanding the tax implications of your visa choice is crucial. In Spain, becoming a tax resident typically means you’ll be liable for taxes on your worldwide income if you spend more than 183 days in the country. Each visa type has different implications:
- Work Visa: You’ll pay income tax on your salary.
- Digital Nomad Visa: While working for foreign companies, you might still become a tax resident and need to declare your global income.
- Non-Lucrative Visa: You'll likely pay taxes on any income generated within Spain and declare your worldwide income if you become a resident.
- Golden Visa: Similar to the others, tax residency rules apply if you stay for more than 183 days.
3. How to Apply for a Spanish Visa: Step-by-Step Process
Once you’ve selected your visa, follow these steps for a successful application:
Step 1: Gather Required Documents
You’ll typically need:
- Valid passport
- Visa application form
- Proof of financial means (income statements, investment documents, etc.)
- Proof of health insurance
- Proof of accommodation in Spain
- Clean criminal record certificate
While these are the basic documentation you will need, every visa requires its own set of specific documents. For more information visit the specific articles dealing with the applications to the Digital Nomad Visa, the Non-lucrative Visa, and the Golden Visa.
Step 2: Schedule an Appointment at the Spanish Consulate
Book an appointment with the Spanish consulate in your home country to submit your application.
Step 3: Submit Your Application
At your consulate appointment, submit your completed application form and all supporting documents, and pay the visa processing fee.
Step 4: Wait for Processing
Processing times vary, generally taking between 1 to 3 months.
Step 5: Collect Your Visa
Once approved, you’ll be notified to pick up your visa from the consulate, after which you can enter Spain.
4. Visa Timelines: How Long Does It Take?
Visa processing times vary:
- Work Visa: 1-3 months
- Digital Nomad Visa: 1-2 months
- Non-Lucrative Visa: 2-3 months
- Golden Visa: 3-10 months
Pro Tip: Start your application as early as possible to avoid delays, especially during peak relocation seasons.
5. Common Visa Application Pitfalls (And How to Avoid Them)
Navigating the visa process can be tricky. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
5.1 Incomplete or Incorrect Paperwork
Ensure all documents are complete and accurate to prevent delays.
5.2 Financial Proof Issues
Provide thorough documentation to meet financial requirements.
5.3 Applying Too Late
Start your application process early to accommodate potential delays.
6. Final Thoughts: Simplifying Your Move to Spain
Choosing the right visa is the foundation of a successful move to Spain. With the right preparation, you can navigate this process and embark on an exciting new chapter in your life.
If you need personalized assistance or have questions about your visa options, feel free to reach out for a free consultation. Having gone through the process myself, I’m here to help fellow expats make their dreams of living in Spain a reality.
Ready to Make the Move to Spain?
Relocating to Spain could be the beginning of an exciting new journey. Whether you’re moving for work, retirement, or simply seeking a change of scenery, the process can feel complex, but with the right guidance, it’s entirely manageable.
Need help with your relocation? Contact us for a free consultation, and we’ll guide you through every step of your move to Spain, ensuring a smooth and stress-free experience.
FAQs
1. Do U.S. citizens need a visa for Spain?
U.S. citizens can stay in Spain for up to 90 days within a 180-day period for tourism, business, or family visits without a visa. However, for stays longer than 90 days or for purposes such as work, study, or residence, a visa is required.
2. Do U.S. citizens need ETIAS for Spain?
Yes, starting in 2025, U.S. citizens will need an ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) approval before traveling to Spain. ETIAS is an electronic travel authorization required for visa-free travelers entering the Schengen Area.
3. How do I get a Spain visa?
To obtain a visa for Spain, follow these steps:
- Determine the visa type (tourist, work, study, etc.).
- Gather the required documents (passport, application form, financial proof, etc.).
- Schedule an appointment at the nearest Spanish consulate or visa application center.
- Attend an in-person interview (if required).
- Pay the visa fee and submit biometric data (fingerprints).
- Wait for processing, which can take weeks to months, depending on the visa type.
4. What documents do I need for a tourist visa in Spain?
If you are not eligible for visa-free travel, you need:
- A valid passport (at least 3 months beyond your stay)
- A completed Schengen visa application form
- Proof of financial means (€100 per day, with a minimum of €900)
- A round-trip flight itinerary
- Proof of accommodation (hotel bookings or invitation letter)
- A travel insurance policy (minimum €30,000 coverage)
- Visa fee payment receipt
5. How long does it take to get a visa for Spain from the USA?
Processing times vary but typically range from 15 to 45 days. Delays can occur if additional documents are required. It’s recommended to apply at least one to three months before travel.
6. How much does a Spain visa cost?
- Schengen visa (short stay): €80 for adults, €40 for children (6-12 years), and free for children under 6.
- Long-term visas (work, study, residency): Fees vary depending on the type of visa and nationality.
7. Can I apply for a Spain visa online?
No, Spain does not currently offer a full online application for visas. However, you can fill out the application form online and schedule an appointment at a consulate or visa application center. Some long-term visa types allow partial digital submission.
8. What are the new visa rules in Spain for 2025?
Some notable changes:
- ETIAS implementation in 2025: U.S. citizens and other visa-exempt travelers must apply for ETIAS before arrival.
- Digital Nomad Visa: Spain now offers a one-year renewable visa for remote workers, with tax benefits.
- Strict enforcement of 90/180 rule: Overstaying may result in fines, deportation, or future travel bans.
9. How long can a U.S. citizen stay in Spain without a visa?
Up to 90 days within a 180-day period under the Schengen visa-free agreement. After 90 days, you must leave Spain and cannot return until the 180-day period resets.
10. What is the cost of a Schengen visa for Spain?
The Schengen visa fee is €80 for adults and €40 for children aged 6-12. The visa is free for children under 6 years old. Some nationalities or special cases may have reduced or waived fees.
